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助行器怎麽選？手杖、腋杖、助行架全解析

來源： | 發布日期：2025-09-12

在康複科，大多數患者因行動不便而需要依靠助行器辅助行走。可面对医药商场琳琅满目的产品，很多人都会发愁：到底哪种才适合自己？别担心，仟龙将带你系统了解助行器的分類、選用原則，以及手杖、腋杖、助行架的選擇與測量方法。

助行器正确使用方法

一、助行器的選用原則

明確應用助行器的目的；
全面了解患者病情及身體狀況；
進行功能評估，匹配支撐需求；
符合患者的生活環境（如樓梯、空間大小）；
患者需具備一定認知能力，能安全使用；
結合患者的生活方式和個人偏好。

二、如何選擇手杖？

1. 单足手杖

重量轻、上下楼梯方便，适合支撑空间有限的场所。稳定性不如多足拐杖，适合握力好、上肢支撐力強的患者，如偏癱者、部分老年人。

2. 多足手杖

支撑面大、稳定性强，但不便于上下楼梯，且不适合不平地面。适合需要慢速步行的患者。

3. 四足手杖

專爲平衡能力較差、臂力不足或有震颤的患者设计。稳定性更佳，安全性高。

手杖的測量方法

直立無困難患者：站立時，大轉子高度即爲手杖長度。
直立困難患者：仰卧位测量尺骨茎突至足跟的距离，再加 2.5 cm，即为手杖长度。

三、如何選擇腋杖？

腋杖支撐面大，尤其側向穩定性好，但占用空间较大，不适合狭小或拥挤环境。使用不当可能损伤腋下血管和神經。

適用人群包括：

單側下肢無力或完全不能負重者，如骨折康複、小兒麻痹後遺症患者；
雙下肢功能不全，無法交替邁步者，如截癱或雙髋固定患者。

腋杖的測量方法

公式法：身高减去 41 cm。
直立法：腋杖置于腋下，保持 3–4 cm 空隙，肘关节屈曲约 15°，杖底在脚前外侧 15 cm 处，此时把手高度应与大转子齐平。

四、如何選擇助行架？

助行架適合單側下肢無力、截肢，或全身/双下肢肌力不足、协调性差的患者。常见于老年性骨關節炎、股骨骨折恢複、多發性硬化、帕金森病等人群。

邁步時不要過于靠近助行架，以免向後跌倒。
行走時助行架不要放得太遠，否則會影響平衡。
測量方法：直立位時，助行架扶手應與大轉子同高。

結論： 助行器算是行走不便人群康复与生活质量的重要保障。无论是手杖、腋杖還是助行架，选择时都要結合患者的身體情況、環境條件與生活習慣，並在專業指導下使用，才能真正做到安全與舒適。

—— 作者：雲南仟龍Mark

【本文標簽】助行器怎麽選？手杖、腋杖、助行架全解析

【文章作者】雲南仟龍Mark

【責任編輯】

【文章來源】

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朴妮唛28部快播种子

醫療耗材·器械一站式供應商價值的傳遞者

助行器怎麽選？手杖、腋杖、助行架全解析

一、助行器的選用原則